dir − list directory contents
dir [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of −cftuvSUX nor −−sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
−a, −−all
do not ignore entries starting with .
−A, −−almost−all
do not list implied . and ..
−−author
with −l, print the author of each file
−b, −−escape
print C−style escapes for nongraphic characters
−−block−size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g., ’−−block−size=M’ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.
−B, −−ignore−backups
do not list implied entries ending with ~
−c |
with −lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with −l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first |
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−C |
list entries by columns |
−−color[=WHEN]
colorize the output. WHEN defaults to ’always’ or can be ’never’ or ’auto’. More info below
−d, −−directory
list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links
−D, −−dired
generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode
−f |
do not sort, enable −aU, disable −ls −−color |
−F, −−classify
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
−−file−type
likewise, except do not append ’*’
−−format=WORD
across −x, commas −m, horizontal −x, long −l, single−column −1, verbose −l, vertical −C
−−full−time
like −l −−time−style=full−iso
−g |
like −l, but do not list owner |
−−group−directories−first
group directories before files.
augment with a −−sort option, but any use of −−sort=none (−U) disables grouping
−G, −−no−group
in a long listing, don’t print group names
−h, −−human−readable
with −l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
−−si |
likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 |
−H, −−dereference−command−line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
−−dereference−command−line−symlink−to−dir
follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory
−−hide=PATTERN
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by −a or −A)
−−indicator−style=WORD
append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (−p), file−type (−−file−type), classify (−F)
−i, −−inode
print the index number of each file
−I, −−ignore=PATTERN
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
−k, −−kibibytes
use 1024−byte blocks
−l |
use a long listing format |
−L, −−dereference
when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself
−m |
fill width with a comma separated list of entries |
−n, −−numeric−uid−gid
like −l, but list numeric user and group IDs
−N, −−literal
print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control characters specially)
−o |
like −l, but do not list group information |
−p, −−indicator−style=slash
append / indicator to directories
−q, −−hide−control−chars
print ? instead of non graphic characters
−−show−control−chars
show non graphic characters as−is (default unless program is ’ls’ and output is a terminal)
−Q, −−quote−name
enclose entry names in double quotes
−−quoting−style=WORD
use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell−always, c, escape
−r, −−reverse
reverse order while sorting
−R, −−recursive
list subdirectories recursively
−s, −−size
print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
−S |
sort by file size |
−−sort=WORD
sort by WORD instead of name: none −U, extension −X, size −S, time −t, version −v
−−time=WORD
with −l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime −u, access −u, use −u, ctime −c, or status −c; use specified time as sort key if −−sort=time
−−time−style=STYLE
with −l, show times using style STYLE: full−iso, long−iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like ’date’; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non−recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with ’posix−’, STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
−t |
sort by modification time, newest first |
−T, −−tabsize=COLS
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
−u |
with −lt: sort by, and show, access time with −l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time |
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−U |
do not sort; list entries in directory order |
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−v |
natural sort of (version) numbers within text |
−w, −−width=COLS
assume screen width instead of current value
−x |
list entries by lines instead of by columns |
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−X |
sort alphabetically by entry extension |
−Z, −−context
print any SELinux security context of each file
−1 |
list one file per line |
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−−help |
display this help and exit |
−−version
output version information and exit
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with −−color=never. With −−color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
Exit status:
0 |
if OK, |
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1 |
if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), |
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2 |
if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command−line argument). |
Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
Report dir bugs to bug−coreutils AT gnu DOT org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report dir translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
The full documentation for dir is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dir programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info coreutils 'dir invocation'
should give you access to the complete manual.