ILS

NAME

ils − list inode information

SYNOPSIS

ils [-emOpvV] [-f fstype] [-s seconds] [-i imgtype] [-o imgoffset] image [images] [start-stop]

ils [-aAlLvVzZ] [-f fstype] [-s seconds] [-i imgtype] [-o imgoffset] image [images] [start-stop]

DESCRIPTION

ils opens the named image(s) and lists inode information. By default, ils lists only the inodes of removed files.

Arguments:

-e

List every inode in the file system.

-f fstype

Specifies the file system type. Use the -? argument to display all supported types. If not given, the default type for the platform is used.

-s seconds

The time skew of the original system in seconds. For example, if the original system was 100 seconds slow, this value would be -100.

	-m		Display the inode details in the format that the mactime program reads (replaces the ils2mac script from TCT)
	-O		List only inodes of removed files that are still open or executing. This option is short-hand notation for -aL "(see the fine controls section below). (this used to be -o).
	-p		Display orphan inodes (unallocated with no file name)
	-r		(default) List only inodes of removed files. This option is short-hand notation for -LZ (see the fine controls section below).

-i imgtype

Identify the type of image file, such as raw or split. Raw is the default.

-o imgoffset

The sector offset where the file system starts in the image. Non-512 byte sectors can be specified using ’@’ (32@2048).

	-v		Turn on verbose mode, output to stderr.
	-V		Display Version.

image [images]

One (or more if split) disk or partition images whose format is given with ’-i’.

start-stop

Examine the specified inode number or number range.

Fine controls:

	-a		List only allocated inodes: these belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system, and to removed files that are still open or executing.
	-A		List only unallocated inodes: these belong to files that no longer exist.
	-l		List only inodes with at least one hard link. These belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system.
	-L		List only inodes without any hard links. These belong to files that no longer exist, and to removed files that are still open or executing.
	-z		List only inodes with zero status change time. Presumably, these inodes were never used.
	-Z		List only inodes with non-zero status change time. Presumably, these belong to files that still exist, or that existed in the past.

The output format is in time machine format, as described in tm-format(5). The output begins with a two-line header that describes the data origin, and is followed by a one-line header that lists the names of the data attributes that make up the remainder of the output:

st_ino

The inode number.

st_alloc

Allocation status: ‘a’ for allocated inode, ‘f’ for free inode.

	st_uid		Owner user ID.
	st_gid		Owner group ID.

st_mtime

UNIX time (seconds) of last file modification.

st_atime

UNIX time (seconds) of last file access.

st_ctime

UNIX time (seconds) of last inode status change.

st_dtime

UNIX time (seconds) of file deletion (LINUX only).

st_mode

File type and permissions (octal).

st_nlink

Number of hard links.

st_size

File size in bytes.

st_block0,st_block1

The first two entries in the direct block address list.

SEE ALSO

mactime(1), mtime, atime, ctime reporter
tm-format(5), time machine data format

LICENSE

This software is distributed under the IBM Public License.

HISTORY

First appeared in The Coroners Toolkit (TCT) 1.0.

AUTHOR(S)

Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA