mk−show−grants − Canonicalize and print MySQL grants so you can effectively replicate, compare and version−control them.
mk−show−grants mk−show−grants −−separate −−revoke | diff othergrants.sql −
−−askpass
Prompt for password for connections.
−−charset
Enables character set settings in Perl and MySQL. If the value is "utf8", sets Perl’s binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the "mysql_enable_utf8" option to DBD::mysql, and runs "SET NAMES UTF8" after connecting to MySQL. Any other value sets binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs "SET NAMES" after connecting to MySQL.
−−database
Database to use.
−−defaults−file
Only read default options from the given file.
−−drop
Adds DROP USER before each user in the output.
−−flush
Adds FLUSH PRIVILEGES after output. You might need this on pre−4.1.1 servers if you want to drop a user completely.
−−help
Displays a help message.
−−host
Connect to host.
−−ignore
Ignore this comma-separated list of users.
−−only
Only print grants for this comma-separated list of users.
−−password
Password to use when connecting.
−−port
Port number to use for connection.
−−revoke
Add REVOKE statements for each GRANT statement.
−−separate
Lists each GRANT or REVOKE separately, instead of the default output from MySQL’s SHOW GRANTS command, which may list many privileges on a single line. With "−−flush", places a FLUSH PRIVILEGES after each user, instead of once at the end of all the output.
−−setvars
Specify any variables you want to be set immediately after connecting to MySQL. These will be included in a "SET" command.
−−socket
Socket file to use for connection.
−−timestamp
Print the dump time and data in a comment near the beginning of the output.
−−user
User for login if not current user.
−−version
Output version information and exit.
mk-show-grants extracts, orders, and then prints grants for MySQL user accounts.
Why would you want this? There are several reasons.
The first is to easily replicate users from one server to another; you can simply extract the grants from the first server and pipe the output directly into another server.
The second use is to place your grants into version control. If you do a daily automated grant dump into version control, you’ll get lots of spurious changesets for grants that don’t change, because MySQL prints the actual grants out in a seemingly random order. For instance, one day it’ll say
GRANT DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE ON ‘test‘.* TO 'foo'@'%';
And then another day it’ll say
GRANT INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON ‘test‘.* TO 'foo'@'%';
The grants haven’t changed, but the order has. This script sorts the grants within the line, between ’ GRANT ’ and ’ ON ’. If there are multiple rows from SHOW GRANTS , it sorts the rows too, except that it always prints the row with the user’s password first, if it exists. This removes three kinds of inconsistency you’ll get from running SHOW GRANTS , and avoids spurious changesets in version control.
Third, if you want to diff grants across servers, it will be hard without "canonicalizing" them, which mk-show-grants does. The output is fully diff−able.
With the "−−revoke", "−−separate" and other options, mk-show-grants also makes it easy to revoke specific privileges from users. This is tedious otherwise.
Someone pointed out that this has been done before (not surprising, as it’s not all that complicated). Visit <http://www.futhark.ch/mysql/139.html> for a simpler implementation of the same general concept, though without the canonicalization. I borrowed the idea of adding DROP USER from that script, and it inspired me to add the REVOKE functionality too.
The environment variable "MKDEBUG" enables verbose debugging output in all of the Maatkit tools:
MKDEBUG=1 mk−....
Please use the Sourceforge bug tracker, forums, and mailing lists to request support or report bugs: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/maatkit/>.
You need the following Perl modules: DBI and DBD::mysql.
This program is copyright (c) 2007 Baron Schwartz. Feedback and improvements are welcome.
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED " AS IS " AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES , INCLUDING , WITHOUT LIMITATION , THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On UNIX and similar systems, you can issue ‘man perlgpl’ or ‘man perlartistic’ to read these licenses.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111−1307 USA .
Baron Schwartz.
This manual page documents Ver 1.0.9 Distrib 1877 $Revision: 1871 $.